The value is the percentage of the buffer list to use for the warm sublist. Permissible values range from 1 to Whether mysqld was compiled with options for large file support. Whether large page support is enabled via the --large-pages option. If large page support is enabled, this shows the size of memory pages. Large memory pages are supported only on Linux; on other platforms, the value of this variable is always 0. The locale to use for error messages. The directory where error messages are located.

This variable specifies the locale that controls the language used to display day and month names and abbreviations. For further information, see Section This variable controls server-side LOCAL capability for LOAD DATA statements. For more information, see Section 6. This variable specifies the timeout in seconds for attempts to acquire metadata locks.

The permissible values range from 1 to 1 year. This timeout applies to all statements that use metadata locks. These include DML and DDL operations on tables, views, stored procedures, and stored functions, as well as LOCK TABLES , FLUSH TABLES WITH READ LOCK , and HANDLER statements.

This timeout does not apply to implicit accesses to system tables in the mysql database, such as grant tables modified by GRANT or REVOKE statements or table logging statements. The timeout does apply to system tables accessed directly, such as with SELECT or UPDATE.

The timeout value applies separately for each metadata lock attempt. Whether mysqld was locked in memory with --memlock. The default error log destination. If the destination is the console, the value is stderr.

The components to enable for error logging. The variable may contain a list with 0, 1, or many elements. In the latter case, elements may be delimited by semicolon or as of MySQL 8. A given setting cannot use both semicolon and comma separators.

Component order is significant because the server executes components in the order listed. Before MySQL 8. Error codes may be specified in symbolic or numeric form. A numeric code may be specified with or without the MY- prefix. Leading zeros in the numeric part are not significant. Examples of permitted code formats:. Symbolic values are preferable to numeric values for readability and portability.

For information about the permitted error symbols and numbers, see MySQL 8. There is also a priority of SYSTEM. These messages include startup and shutdown messages, and some significant changes to settings. The destination or destinations for general query log and slow query log output. The value is a list one or more comma-separated words chosen from TABLE , FILE , and NONE. FILE selects logging to log files. NONE disables logging.

If NONE is present in the value, it takes precedence over any other words that are present. TABLE and FILE can both be given to select both log output destinations. This variable selects log output destinations, but does not enable log output. If you enable this variable with the slow query log enabled, queries that are expected to retrieve all rows are logged.

This option does not necessarily mean that no index is used. For example, a query that uses a full index scan uses an index but would be logged because the index would not limit the number of rows.

See the description of that option for more information. The system variable may also be set at runtime to change password masking behavior. Include slow administrative statements in the statements written to the slow query log. Administrative statements include ALTER TABLE , ANALYZE TABLE , CHECK TABLE , CREATE INDEX , DROP INDEX , OPTIMIZE TABLE , and REPAIR TABLE.

If the slow query log is enabled and the output destination includes FILE , the server writes additional fields to log file lines that provide information about slow statements.

TABLE output is unaffected. This variable was removed in MySQL 8. This variable controls the time zone of timestamps in messages written to the error log, and in general query log and slow query log messages written to files. It does not affect the time zone of general query log and slow query log messages written to tables mysql.

uuuuuu plus a tail value of Z signifying Zulu time UTC or ±hh:mm an offset from UTC. If the slow query log is enabled, the query is logged to the slow query log file. This value is measured in real time, not CPU time, so a query that is under the threshold on a lightly loaded system might be above the threshold on a heavily loaded one.

The maximum is , which is days in seconds. The value can be specified to a resolution of microseconds. Smaller values of this variable result in more statements being considered long-running, with the result that more space is required for the slow query log. For very small values less than one second , the log may grow quite large in a small time. For these reasons, very small values should be used in test environments only, or, in production environments, only for a short period.

If set to 1 , all INSERT , UPDATE , DELETE , and LOCK TABLE WRITE statements wait until there is no pending SELECT or LOCK TABLE READ on the affected table.

to lower the priority of only one query. This variable affects only storage engines that use only table-level locking such as MyISAM , MEMORY , and MERGE. This variable describes the case sensitivity of file names on the file system where the data directory is located. OFF means file names are case-sensitive, ON means they are not case-sensitive. This variable is read only because it reflects a file system attribute and setting it would have no effect on the file system.

If set to 0, table names are stored as specified and comparisons are case-sensitive. If set to 1, table names are stored in lowercase on disk and comparisons are not case-sensitive. If set to 2, table names are stored as given but compared in lowercase. This option also applies to database names and table aliases.

For additional details, see Section 9. On Linux and other Unix-like systems, the default is 0. On Windows the default value is 1. On macOS, the default value is 2. On Linux and other Unix-like systems , setting the value to 2 is not supported; the server forces the value to 0 instead. It is an unsupported combination that could result in a hang condition when running an INSERT INTO With MyISAM , accessing table names using different lettercases could cause index corruption.

The setting of this variable affects the behavior of replication filtering options with regard to case sensitivity. The restriction is necessary because collations used by various data dictionary table fields are determined by the setting defined when the server is initialized, and restarting the server with a different setting would introduce inconsistencies with respect to how identifiers are ordered and compared.

For APT installations on Debian and Ubuntu, however, the server is initialized for you, and there is no opportunity to configure the setting in an option file beforehand. To do so, run this command before installing MySQL using APT:. Roles the server should treat as mandatory. For additional information, see Section 6. Mandatory roles, like explicitly granted roles, do not take effect until activated see Activating Roles. At runtime, SET ROLE activates roles. For details, see Defining Mandatory Roles.

SHOW GRANTS displays mandatory roles according to the rules described in Section The default is 64MB. This value by default is small, to catch large possibly incorrect packets. You must increase this value if you are using large BLOB columns or long strings. It should be as big as the largest BLOB you want to use. The value should be a multiple of ; nonmultiples are rounded down to the nearest multiple. For example, mysql and mysqldump have defaults of 16MB and 24MB, respectively.

The session value of this variable is read only. The client can receive up to as many bytes as the session value. The global value could be less than the session value if the global value is changed after the client connects. To unblock blocked hosts, flush the host cache; see Flushing the Host Cache. The maximum permitted number of simultaneous client connections. This system variable is deprecated because DELAYED inserts are not supported and subject to removal in a future MySQL release.

The maximum number of bytes of memory reserved per session for computation of normalized statement digests. Once that amount of space is used during digest computation, truncation occurs: no further tokens from a parsed statement are collected or figure into its digest value. Statements that differ only after that many bytes of parsed tokens produce the same normalized statement digest and are considered identical if compared or if aggregated for digest statistics.

The parser uses this system variable as a limit on the maximum length of normalized statement digests that it computes. system variable as a limit on the maximum length of digests that it stores.

For more information about statement digesting, see Section The maximum number of error, warning, and information messages to be stored for display by the SHOW ERRORS and SHOW WARNINGS statements. The execution timeout for SELECT statements, in milliseconds. If the value is 0, timeouts are not enabled. Statements that are not read only are those that invoke a stored function that modifies data as a side effect.

This variable sets the maximum size to which user-created MEMORY tables are permitted to grow. Setting this variable has no effect on any existing MEMORY table, unless the table is re-created with a statement such as CREATE TABLE or altered with ALTER TABLE or TRUNCATE TABLE. MySQL 8. By setting this value, you can catch statements where keys are not used properly and that would probably take a long time. Set it if your users tend to perform joins that lack a WHERE clause, that take a long time, or that return millions of rows.

For more information, see Using Safe-Updates Mode --safe-updates. This variable is deprecated as of MySQL 8. Previously, it acted as the cutoff on the size of index values that determines which filesort algorithm to use. This variable limits the total number of prepared statements in the server. It can be used in environments where there is the potential for denial-of-service attacks based on running the server out of memory by preparing huge numbers of statements.

If the value is set lower than the current number of prepared statements, existing statements are not affected and can be used, but no new statements can be prepared until the current number drops below the limit. Setting the value to 0 disables prepared statements. Limit the assumed maximum number of seeks when looking up rows based on a key. The MySQL optimizer assumes that no more than this number of key seeks are required when searching for matching rows in a table by scanning an index, regardless of the actual cardinality of the index see Section By setting this to a low value say, , you can force MySQL to prefer indexes instead of table scans.

The number of bytes to use when sorting string values which use PAD SPACE collations. This behavior differs from previous versions of MySQL, where this setting was applied to all values used in comparisons. For details, see Section 8. The number of times that any given stored procedure may be called recursively.

The default value for this option is 0, which completely disables recursion in stored procedures. The maximum value is Stored procedure recursion increases the demand on thread stack space.

The maximum number of simultaneous connections permitted to any given MySQL user account. This variable has a global value that can be set at server startup or runtime. It also has a read-only session value that indicates the effective simultaneous-connection limit that applies to the account associated with the current session.

The session value is initialized as follows:. Account resource limits are specified using the CREATE USER or ALTER USER statement. After this many write locks, permit some pending read lock requests to be processed in between. Write lock requests have higher priority than read lock requests. The option is read-only and can only be set at startup. The mecabrc configuration file is required to initialize MeCab. For information about the MeCab full-text parser, see Section For information about options that can be specified in the MeCab mecabrc configuration file, refer to the MeCab Documentation on the Google Developers site.

Queries that examine fewer than this number of rows are not logged to the slow query log. This variable cannot be less than 2 or larger than 7. The default value is 6. The maximum size of the temporary file that MySQL is permitted to use while re-creating a MyISAM index during REPAIR TABLE , ALTER TABLE , or LOAD DATA.

If the file size would be larger than this value, the index is created using the key cache instead, which is slower. The value is given in bytes. If MyISAM index files exceed this size and disk space is available, increasing the value may help performance.

The space must be available in the file system containing the directory where the original index file is located. The maximum amount of memory to use for memory mapping compressed MyISAM files. If many compressed MyISAM tables are used, the value can be decreased to reduce the likelihood of memory-swapping problems.

Set the MyISAM storage engine recovery mode. The variable value is any combination of the values of OFF , DEFAULT , BACKUP , FORCE , or QUICK. If you specify multiple values, separate them by commas. Specifying the variable with no value at server startup is the same as specifying DEFAULT , and specifying with an explicit value of "" disables recovery same as a value of OFF.

If recovery is enabled, each time mysqld opens a MyISAM table, it checks whether the table is marked as crashed or was not closed properly. The last option works only if you are running with external locking disabled. If this is the case, mysqld runs a check on the table. If the table was corrupted, mysqld attempts to repair it. Before the server automatically repairs a table, it writes a note about the repair to the error log.

If you want to be able to recover from most problems without user intervention, you should use the options BACKUP,FORCE. This forces a repair of a table even if some rows would be deleted, but it keeps the old data file as a backup so that you can later examine what happened. This system variable is deprecated in MySQL 8. If this value is greater than 1, MyISAM table indexes are created in parallel each index in its own thread during the Repair by sorting process.

The default value is 1. Multithreaded repair is beta-quality code. The size of the buffer that is allocated when sorting MyISAM indexes during a REPAIR TABLE or when creating indexes with CREATE INDEX or ALTER TABLE. How the server treats NULL values when collecting statistics about the distribution of index values for MyISAM tables. The method that is used for generating table statistics influences how the optimizer chooses indexes for query execution, as described in Section 8.

Use memory mapping for reading and writing MyISAM tables. Windows only. Indicates whether the server supports connections over named pipes. Some MySQL client software can open named pipe connections without any additional configuration; however, other client software may still require full access to open a named pipe connection. This variable sets the name of a Windows local group whose members are granted sufficient access by the MySQL server to use named-pipe clients.

In this case, limit the membership of the group to as few users as possible, removing users from the group when their client software is upgraded. A non-member of the group who attempts to open a connection to MySQL with the affected named-pipe client is denied access until a Windows administrator adds the user to the group. Newly added users must log out and log in again to join the group required by Windows.

The Everyone group is not secure by default. Each client thread is associated with a connection buffer and result buffer. This variable should not normally be changed, but if you have very little memory, you can set it to the expected length of statements sent by clients. If statements exceed this length, the connection buffer is automatically enlarged.

The number of seconds to wait for more data from a connection before aborting the read. If a read or write on a communication port is interrupted, retry this many times before giving up. This value should be set quite high on FreeBSD because internal interrupts are sent to all threads.

The number of seconds to wait for a block to be written to a connection before aborting the write. This variable was used in MySQL 4. Its value is always OFF. In NDB Cluster, setting this variable to ON makes it possible to employ partitioning types other than KEY or LINEAR KEY with NDB tables. This feature is experimental only, and not supported in production.

For additional information, see User-defined partitioning and the NDB storage engine NDB Cluster. Defines the n-gram token size for the n-gram full-text parser. The default value is 2 bigram. For more information about how to configure this variable, see Section In offline mode, the MySQL instance disconnects client users unless they have relevant privileges, and does not allow them to initiate new connections.

Disconnection includes terminating running statements and releasing locks. Such clients also cannot initiate new connections, and receive an appropriate error. Replication threads are permitted to keep applying data to the server. old is a compatibility variable. It is disabled by default, but can be enabled at startup to revert the server to behaviors present in older versions.

When old is enabled, it changes the default scope of index hints to that used prior to MySQL 5. That is, index hints with no FOR clause apply only to how indexes are used for row retrieval and not to resolution of ORDER BY or GROUP BY clauses. Take care about enabling this in a replication setup. With statement-based binary logging, having different modes for the source and replicas might lead to replication errors.

When this variable is enabled, the server does not use the optimized method of processing an ALTER TABLE operation. It reverts to using a temporary table, copying over the data, and then renaming the temporary table to the original, as used by MySQL 5.

For more information on the operation of ALTER TABLE , see Section ALTER TABLE VALUES definition. Data that cannot be moved to another partition is deleted. In earlier releases, ALTER TABLE The number of file descriptors available to mysqld from the operating system:. Internally, the maximum value for this variable is the maximum unsigned integer value, but the actual maximum is platform dependent. If the number of file descriptors requested during startup cannot be allocated, mysqld writes a warning to the error log.

Using the defaults for these variables yields On Windows only, the value of the C Run-Time Library file descriptor maximum is added to this number. This totals , again using the default values for the indicated system variables. The operating system limit if that limit is positive but not Infinity.

The server attempts to obtain the number of file descriptors using the maximum of those values, capped to the maximum unsigned integer value. If that many descriptors cannot be obtained, the server attempts to obtain as many as the system permits. The effective value is 0 on systems where MySQL cannot change the number of open files. On Unix, the value cannot be set greater than the value displayed by the ulimit -n command. Controls the heuristics applied during query optimization to prune less-promising partial plans from the optimizer search space.

A value of 0 disables heuristics so that the optimizer performs an exhaustive search. A value of 1 causes the optimizer to prune plans based on the number of rows retrieved by intermediate plans. The maximum depth of search performed by the query optimizer. Values larger than the number of relations in a query result in better query plans, but take longer to generate an execution plan for a query. Values smaller than the number of relations in a query return an execution plan quicker, but the resulting plan may be far from being optimal.

If set to 0, the system automatically picks a reasonable value. The value of this variable is a set of flags, each of which has a value of on or off to indicate whether the corresponding optimizer behavior is enabled or disabled. This variable has global and session values and can be changed at runtime. The global default can be set at server startup. For more information about the syntax of this variable and the optimizer behaviors that it controls, see Section 8.

This variable controls optimizer tracing. For details, see MySQL Internals: Tracing the Optimizer. This variable enables or disables selected optimizer tracing features. The maximum number of optimizer traces to display. The maximum cumulative size of stored optimizer traces.

The offset of optimizer traces to display. Performance Schema system variables are listed in Section These variables may be used to configure Performance Schema operation.

The maximum amount of memory available to the parser. The default value places no limit on memory available. The value can be reduced to protect against out-of-memory situations caused by parsing long or complex SQL statements. Enabling this variable makes it possible to revoke privileges partially. For example, a user who has the global UPDATE privilege can be restricted from exercising this privilege on the mysql system schema.

Or, stated another way, the user is enabled to exercise the UPDATE privilege on all schemas except the mysql schema. In this sense, the user's global UPDATE privilege is partially revoked. For more information, including instructions for removing partial revokes, see Section 6. This variable defines the global policy for controlling reuse of previous passwords based on required minimum number of password changes.

For an account password used previously, this variable indicates the number of subsequent account password changes that must occur before the password can be reused. If the value is 0 the default , there is no reuse restriction based on number of password changes.

Changes to this variable apply immediately to all accounts defined with the PASSWORD HISTORY DEFAULT option. The global number-of-changes password reuse policy can be overridden as desired for individual accounts using the PASSWORD HISTORY option of the CREATE USER and ALTER USER statements. This variable defines the global policy for controlling whether attempts to change an account password must specify the current password to be replaced.

Changes to this variable apply immediately to all accounts defined with the PASSWORD REQUIRE CURRENT DEFAULT option. The global verification-required policy can be overridden as desired for individual accounts using the PASSWORD REQUIRE option of the CREATE USER and ALTER USER statements.

This variable defines the global policy for controlling reuse of previous passwords based on time elapsed. For an account password used previously, this variable indicates the number of days that must pass before the password can be reused.

If the value is 0 the default , there is no reuse restriction based on time elapsed. Changes to this variable apply immediately to all accounts defined with the PASSWORD REUSE INTERVAL DEFAULT option.

The global time-elapsed password reuse policy can be overridden as desired for individual accounts using the PASSWORD REUSE INTERVAL option of the CREATE USER and ALTER USER statements.

Whether to load persisted configuration settings from the mysqld-auto. cnf file in the data directory. The server normally processes this file at startup after all other option files see Section 4.

To modify the contents of mysqld-auto. cnf option file in the data directory see Section Persisting system variables enables runtime configuration changes that affect subsequent server restarts, which is convenient for remote administration not requiring direct access to MySQL server host option files. However, some system variables are nonpersistible or can be persisted only under certain restrictive conditions. The default value is the empty string, which disables the Subject check so that persist-restricted system variables cannot be persisted by any user.

It also controls whether or not the server can start if the encrypted values cannot be decrypted. Note that keyring plugins do not support secure storage of sensitive system variables; a keyring component see Section 6. The default setting, ON , encrypts the values if keyring component support is available, and persists them unencrypted with a warning if it is not.

The next time any persisted system variable is set, if keyring support is available at that time, the server encrypts the values of any unencrypted sensitive system variables. The ON setting also allows the server to start if encrypted system variable values cannot be decrypted, in which case a warning is issued and the default values for the system variables are used. In that situation, their values cannot be changed until they can be decrypted. The most secure setting, OFF , means sensitive system variable values cannot be persisted if keyring component support is unavailable.

The OFF setting also means the server does not start if encrypted system variable values cannot be decrypted.

For more information, see Persisting Sensitive System Variables. The path name of the file in which the server writes its process ID. The server creates the file in the data directory unless an absolute path name is given to specify a different directory.

If you specify this variable, you must specify a value. On Windows, this variable also affects the default error log file name. If the plugin directory is writable by the server, it may be possible for a user to write executable code to a file in the directory using SELECT INTO DUMPFILE. This variable can be set with the --port option. Hash values that do not contain unprintable characters still display as regular string literals, even with this variable enabled.

If set to 0 or OFF the default , statement profiling is disabled. If set to 1 or ON , statement profiling is enabled and the SHOW PROFILE and SHOW PROFILES statements provide access to profiling information.

The number of statements for which to maintain profiling information if profiling is enabled. Setting the value to 0 effectively disables profiling. The compression algorithms that the server permits for incoming connections. Compression does not apply to connections for FEDERATED tables. The variable value is a list of one or more comma-separated compression algorithm names, in any order, chosen from the following items not case-sensitive :.

zlib : Permit connections that use the zlib compression algorithm. zstd : Permit connections that use the zstd compression algorithm zstd 1. uncompressed : Permit uncompressed connections. It permits only compressed connections that use whichever other algorithms are specified in the value, and there is no fallback to uncompressed connections. The default value of zlib,zstd,uncompressed indicates that the server permits all compression algorithms. For more information, see Section 4.

If the current client is a proxy for another user, this variable is the proxy user account name. Otherwise, this variable is NULL. The operation and effects are the same, only the terminology has changed. It assists with the correct handling of transactions that originated on older or newer servers than the server currently processing them.

However, note that the variable is not intended for users to set; it is set automatically by the replication infrastructure. If false, XA transactions remain attached to the handling session as long as that session is alive, during which time no other session can commit the transaction.

The prepared transaction is only detached if the session disconnects or the server restarts. If true, the server ignores the unsupported mode and raises a warning. The allocation size in bytes of memory blocks that are allocated for objects created during statement parsing and execution.

If you have problems with memory fragmentation, it might help to increase this parameter. The block size for the byte number is This buffer is not freed between statements. You should be aware that doing this does not necessarily eliminate allocation completely; the server may still allocate memory in some situations, such as for operations relating to transactions, or to stored programs.

The variables—but not their values—are shown in the output of SHOW VARIABLES. The purpose of these variables is to support replication of the RAND function. For statements that invoke RAND , the source passes two values to the replica, where they are used to seed the random number generator.

The size in bytes of blocks that are allocated when doing range optimization. The limit on memory consumption for the range optimizer. For more information, see Limiting Memory Use for Range Optimization. For internal use by mysqlbinlog. This mode is useful when replaying a row-based binary log on a server that causes conflicts with existing data.

mysqlbinlog sets this mode when you specify the --idempotent option by writing the following to the output:. Each thread that does a sequential scan for a MyISAM table allocates a buffer of this size in bytes for each table it scans.

If you do many sequential scans, you might want to increase this value, which defaults to The value of this variable should be a multiple of 4KB. If it is set to a value that is not a multiple of 4KB, its value is rounded down to the nearest multiple of 4KB.

For caching the indexes in a temporary file not a temporary table , when sorting rows for ORDER BY. Beginning with MySQL 8. For more information about memory use during different operations, see Section 8. Updates performed by replication threads, if the server is a replica.

Writes to the system table mysql. Use of ANALYZE TABLE or OPTIMIZE TABLE statements. The purpose of read-only mode is to prevent changes to table structure or contents. Analysis and optimization do not qualify as such changes. This means, for example, that consistency checks on read-only replicas can be performed with mysqlcheck --all-databases --analyze. Use of FLUSH STATUS statements, which are always written to the binary log.

Inserts into the log tables mysql. Updates to Performance Schema tables, such as UPDATE or TRUNCATE TABLE operations.

The value can be set on a replica independent of the setting on the source. The attempt fails and an error occurs if you have any explicit locks acquired with LOCK TABLES or have a pending transaction.

The attempt blocks while other clients have any ongoing statement, active LOCK TABLES WRITE , or ongoing commit, until the locks are released and the statements and transactions end. The attempt blocks if there are active transactions that hold metadata locks, until those transactions end. This variable is used for reads from MyISAM tables, and, for any storage engine, for Multi-Range Read optimization.

When reading rows from a MyISAM table in sorted order following a key-sorting operation, the rows are read through this buffer to avoid disk seeks. Setting the variable to a large value can improve ORDER BY performance by a lot.

However, this is a buffer allocated for each client, so you should not set the global variable to a large value. Instead, change the session variable only from within those clients that need to run large queries.

For information about Multi-Range Read optimization, see Section 8. This limit is expressed as the maximum permitted number of steps performed by the match engine, and thus affects execution time only indirectly.

Typically, it is on the order of milliseconds. This variable is for internal server use by replication and mysqlbinlog. It restricts DML events executed in the session to events encoded in row-based binary logging format only, and temporary tables cannot be created. Queries that do not respect the restrictions fail. Setting the session value of this system variable to ON requires no privileges.

Setting the session value of this system variable to OFF is a restricted operation, and the session user must have privileges sufficient to set restricted session variables. Whether client connections to the server are required to use some form of secure transport. This capability supplements per-account SSL requirements, which take precedence. It is possible for a server to have no secure transports available.

See also Configuring Encrypted Connections as Mandatory. Permitted values are FULL return all metadata; this is the default and NONE return no metadata. For details about managing result set metadata transfer, see Optional Result Set Metadata. For use with HeatWave. See MySQL HeatWave User Guide. Defines a limit for the number of schema definition objects, both used and unused, that can be kept in the dictionary object cache.

A setting of 0 means that schema definition objects are only kept in the dictionary object cache while they are in use. This variable is used to limit the effect of data import and export operations, such as those performed by the LOAD DATA and SELECT These operations are permitted only to users who have the FILE privilege. If set to the name of a directory, the server limits import and export operations to work only with files in that directory. The directory must exist; the server does not create it.

If set to NULL , the server disables import and export operations. A non- NULL value is considered insecure if it is empty, or the value is the data directory or a subdirectory of it, or a directory that is accessible by all users. You can use this variable to control the size of the buffer used to write data to the storage device to determine when buffer synchronization should occur, and thus to prevent write stalls of the kind just described from occurring.

Controls whether the server returns GTIDs to the client, enabling the client to use them to track the server state. OFF : The server does not return GTIDs to the client. This is the default. Typically, this is the single GTID for the last transaction committed, but if a single client request resulted in multiple transactions, the server returns a GTID set containing all the relevant GTIDs.

As well as the GTID for the transaction just committed, this GTID set includes all transactions committed on the server by any client, and can include transactions committed after the point when the transaction currently being acknowledged was committed. For more information about session state tracking, see Section 5. Controls whether the server tracks when the default schema database is set within the current session and notifies the client to make the schema name available.

If the schema name tracker is enabled, name notification occurs each time the default schema is set, even if the new schema name is the same as the old. Controls whether the server tracks changes to the state of the current session and notifies the client when state changes occur. Changes can be reported for these attributes of client session state:.

If the session state tracker is enabled, notification occurs for each change that involves tracked session attributes, even if the new attribute values are the same as the old. For example, setting a user-defined variable to its current value results in a notification.

For example, state-change notifications occur when the default schema is set or tracked session system variables are assigned, but the notification does not include the schema name or variable values. Controls whether the server tracks assignments to session system variables and notifies the client of the name and value of each assigned variable. The variable value is a comma-separated list of variables for which to track assignments.

The latter three variables are those affected by SET NAMES. If given, this value must be specified by itself without specific system variable names. If session system variable tracking is enabled, notification occurs for all assignments to tracked session variables, even if the new values are the same as the old.

Controls whether the server tracks the state and characteristics of transactions within the current session and notifies the client to make this information available. OFF : Disable transaction state tracking. STATE : Enable transaction state tracking without characteristics tracking.

State tracking enables the client to determine whether a transaction is in progress and whether it could be moved to a different session without being rolled back. Characteristics tracking enables the client to determine how to restart a transaction in another session so that it has the same characteristics as in the original session.

The following characteristics are relevant for this purpose:. For a client to safely relocate a transaction to another session, it must track not only transaction state but also transaction characteristics. Because this file stores a public key, copies can be freely distributed to client users. Clients that explicitly specify a public key when connecting to the server using RSA password encryption must use the same public key as that used by the server. The name of shared memory to use for shared-memory connections.

This is useful when running multiple MySQL instances on a single physical machine. The default name is MYSQL. The name is case-sensitive. mysqldump provides the --show-create-skip-secondary-engine option.

Attempting a mysqldump operation with the --show-create-skip-secondary-engine option on a release prior to MySQL 8. Whether generated invisible primary keys are visible in the output of SHOW statements and in Information Schema tables.

When this variable is set to OFF , such keys are not shown. Whether SHOW CREATE TABLE output includes comments to flag temporal columns found to be in pre If enabled, SHOW CREATE TABLE output looks like this:.

COLUMNS table is affected similarly. This variable is deprecated and subject to removal in a future MySQL release. This is OFF if mysqld uses external locking system locking , ON if external locking is disabled. This affects only MyISAM table access. This variable is set by the --external-locking or --skip-external-locking option. External locking is disabled by default. External locking affects only MyISAM table access. For more information, including conditions under which it can and cannot be used, see Section 8.

Whether to resolve host names when checking client connections. If this variable is OFF , mysqld resolves host names when checking client connections.

If it is ON , mysqld uses only IP numbers; in this case, all Host column values in the grant tables must be IP addresses. An attempt to connect to the host If you plan to do that, make sure an account exists that can accept a connection.

By default, it is disabled permit TCP connections. This option is highly recommended for systems where only local clients are permitted. This prevents people from using the SHOW DATABASES statement if they do not have the SHOW DATABASES privilege. This can improve security if you have concerns about users being able to see databases belonging to other users. Its effect depends on the SHOW DATABASES privilege: If the variable value is ON , the SHOW DATABASES statement is permitted only to users who have the SHOW DATABASES privilege, and the statement displays all database names.

If the value is OFF , SHOW DATABASES is permitted to all users, but displays the names of only those databases for which the user has the SHOW DATABASES or other privilege. Whether the slow query log is enabled. The name of the slow query log file. On Unix platforms, this variable is the name of the socket file that is used for local client connections.

On Windows, this variable is the name of the named pipe that is used for local client connections. The default value is MySQL not case-sensitive. Each session that must perform a sort allocates a buffer of this size. The optimizer tries to work out how much space is needed but can allocate more, up to the limit.

Setting it larger than required globally slows down most queries that perform sorts. It is best to increase it as a session setting, and only for the sessions that need a larger size. On Linux, there are thresholds of KB and 2MB where larger values may significantly slow down memory allocation, so you should consider staying below one of those values. Experiment to find the best value for your workload.

For details, including the return value after a multiple-row insert, see Section See Obtaining Auto-Increment Values. This is useful when an inadvisable WHERE statement has been issued. The default value for a new connection is ON , which permits all SELECT statements.

This helps MySQL free the table locks early and can be beneficial in cases where it takes a long time to send results to the client. The default value is OFF. Whether GIPK mode is in effect; when this variable is set to ON , a MySQL replication source server adds a generated invisible primary key to any InnoDB table that is created without one. This variable is not replicated. In addition, even if set on the replica, it is ignored by replication applier threads; this means that, by default, a replica does not generate a primary key for any replicated table which, on the source, was created without one.

For additional information and examples, see Section This variable controls whether logging to the general query log is disabled for the current session assuming that the general query log itself is enabled. The default value is OFF that is, enable logging. The current server SQL mode, which can be set dynamically. For details, see Section 5. MySQL installation programs may configure the SQL mode during the installation process.

If the SQL mode differs from the default or from what you expect, check for a setting in an option file that the server reads at startup. mysqldump includes output to disable this variable so that reloading the dump file does not produce warnings for events that do not affect the integrity of the reload operation.

If enabled the default , the server quotes identifiers for SHOW CREATE TABLE and SHOW CREATE DATABASE statements.

If disabled, quoting is disabled. This option is enabled by default so that replication works for identifiers that require quoting. Whether statements that create new tables or alter the structure of existing tables enforce the requirement that tables have a primary key.

Enabling this variable helps avoid performance problems in row-based replication that can occur when tables have no primary key. Suppose that a table has no primary key and an update or delete modifies multiple rows.

On the replication source server, this operation can be performed using a single table scan but, when replicated using row-based replication, results in a table scan for each row to be modified on the replica.

With a primary key, these table scans do not occur. Attempts to create a new table with no primary key fail with an error. This includes CREATE TABLE It also includes CREATE TABLE SELECT , unless the CREATE TABLE part includes a primary key definition. Attempts to drop the primary key from an existing table fail with an error, with the exception that dropping the primary key and adding a primary key in the same ALTER TABLE statement is permitted.

Dropping the primary key fails even if the table also contains a UNIQUE NOT NULL index. With the ON or OFF settings, the account does not need these privileges. If this variable is enabled, UPDATE and DELETE statements that do not use a key in the WHERE clause or a LIMIT clause produce an error. This makes it possible to catch UPDATE and DELETE statements where keys are not used properly and that would probably change or delete a large number of rows.

The maximum number of rows to return from SELECT statements. The default value for a new connection is the maximum number of rows that the server permits per table. If you have changed the limit, the default value can be restored by assigning a value of DEFAULT. This variable controls whether single-row INSERT statements produce an information string if warnings occur.

The default is OFF. Set the value to ON to produce an information string. The path name of the Certificate Authority CA certificate file in PEM format. The file contains a list of trusted SSL Certificate Authorities. See Server-Side Runtime Configuration and Monitoring for Encrypted Connections. The path name of the directory that contains trusted SSL Certificate Authority CA certificate files in PEM format. For information about cipher restrictions, see Connection Cipher Configuration.

Chained SSL certificate support was added in v8. The list of permissible encryption ciphers for connections that use TLS protocols up through TLSv1. If no cipher in the list is supported, encrypted connections that use these TLS protocols do not work. For greatest portability, the cipher list should be a list of one or more cipher names, separated by colons.

The following example shows two cipher names separated by a colon:. For information about which encryption ciphers MySQL supports, see Section 6. The path name of the file containing certificate revocation lists in PEM format. The path of the directory that contains certificate revocation-list files in PEM format. Controls whether to enable FIPS mode on the server side. The path name of the server SSL private key file in PEM format. For better security, use a certificate with an RSA key size of at least bits.

If the key file is protected by a passphrase, the server prompts the user for the passphrase. The password must be given interactively; it cannot be stored in a file. The only requirement for the broker is a possibility to make trades with fixed expiry on the end of the current minute candle.

So we can also name the signals service as IQ signals , IQ binary options signals or IQ Option Signals. By the way. On the other hand, as we work with real finance market our working hours are limited with the working hours of the market. As a result, our binary options signals service works 24 hours per day, 5 days a week. FBOS service publishes full details on every signal was sent. You can quickly check any of our signal in any third party charts and analyse. We actually strongly recommend that to do before using our binary options signals service!

Any live binary options signal or active signal includes:. We strongly recommend you to analyse expired signals details every time you want to start using the service. That information will help you to understand the current market conditions and suitability of the service to them. The FBOS service sends signals only with a fixed expiry on the end of the current minute candle or period.

Why is that very important? The brokers advertise fast income promoting sec trades and many people think they can do that. The fake binary options signals services show great results with sec trades to promote the broker…. But what happens in reality? In reality when the fake service sends a sec signal at least 1 second is spent on sending procedure. At the end when a customer tries to make a trade with the sec trade he does it seconds later.

He has another entry position point. As a result , the customer makes another bid. The time passed, the prices changed, and the customer will have other results.

All that gives a huge possibility for fake service and broker to cheat you. You need to enter the trade from the exact or better price. You are not limited by the time. Every trader can and will have different entry points. But that is not so important. So what happens with exit points? In trades with fixed expiry all traders must close the bid at the exact time, thus every trader has one exit point.

On that point, you can analyse the results, compare the prices, calculate price differences and etc. Usually, it is not set by default and is hidden in settings. Sometimes brokers name it with trades on the minute timeframe.

Truly, you can do any type of trades with our signals, the trades with fixed expiry is just recommended to have similar results. If you have a lot of trading experience and use our service just an informational you can make trades with another expiry time according to your trading habits, strategy or system. We strongly advise using the same timezone settings. Special for usability, we have implemented the possibility to convert the signals to your local timezone.

Remember that your device will change the time in the signal. If your device has a wrong timezone setting — you might have a problem with that. Truly you do not need all that, because all our signals are sent for a current minute candle. Thus if you see an active signal it is for current 15 minutes! Check the minutes of active signals. There is no need to check the hours…. One of the benefits of fixed expiry is that you do not need to react quickly.

As usual, the good time to make a trade is reached within minutes. The best price is frequently reached within minutes after the signal was issued. When you got the signal do not run too fast. You do not need to be in a hurry to make a trade right after you saw the binary option signal on the screen.

Add it to the chart in the software you make the analysis, check other indicators for data they show, think and wait for the strike price or better price. We also recommend you to analyse previously sent signals , check for the time when the best price was reached. For Paid Binary Options Signals we publish full detailed binary options statistics for all signals that were sent from the service foundation day!

You have a huge amount of useful information to investigate. Check the paid FBOS statistics day by day, compare results with various third-party charts, find the time when the service worked better and do not forget to monitor for the type of the market that was when the service sent good or bad signals. Remember that we do not store stats for free Binary Options Signals! For free signals, you can check only past 40 signals, but we still advise you to check them every time you want to use the service!

Join Spark and OutLine by adding Beyond Binary Code to your website and change the way you collect gender data.

Add Spark Sport to your data and enjoy live sports streaming on demand. Join now to catch the action and never miss your favourite sports match. Our Roaming Packs help you get connected to 45 destinations around the world. Get 2GB of data, mins outgoing, mins incoming, and texts for 14 days. Prices shown are in NZD and include GST. Going to multiple countries? Choose a roaming option for a low fixed price with no surprises. Prices are in NZD and include GST. What if I don't buy one of these options?

Other destinations covered by these options. Please check specific destination roaming details. As such Spark customers in those regions will be unable to use roaming services.

There is no date for this restriction lifting. Use the destination selector at the top of this page to find the specific prices.

Before you go, find out if your destination is eligible for a Roaming Pack or if casual rates apply. Find eligible destinations. Find out how to set up your phone or tablet to roam, control your roaming use, set up voicemail and view important phone numbers. When you get home, you'll revert back to your Spark plan.

To view your roaming usage in the Spark app, go to the main screen and select the arrow next to your plan type. If you have any questions about your bill, you can use the Question a bill form.

To fill in the form, you'll need to sign in to MySpark. Auto Buy Roaming will turn on auto-purchasing of your roaming pack so you can enjoy your travels without manually buying more packs. When you run out of allowances on your roaming pack or it expires, another pack will be applied to your account, ready to use.

All you need to do is enable it in your Spark app settings. From 1 September we will be introducing some new exciting packs to all our existing destinations that will deliver you greater value and will be available for longer periods of time. Please Note: customers with current packs purchased prior to this date will still be able to use them and those with current packs that recur will be able to retain them until they are cancelled. We have a range of roaming packs to cover most of your roaming needs.

Some of our packs even work in multiple destinations, so when you select your roaming pack make sure to check these out before purchasing. Be sure to check out all of your options before you go. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo.

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. If you bought it from Spark then you can use it to roam overseas. If you're not sure, check with the store you bought it from, or with the mobile or tablet's manufacturer.

Roaming is enabled by default on all Spark SIMs. For optimal roaming, check that your phone is capable of VoLTE roaming. Use the Spark app to buy more packs and track your usage. Download the Spark app. Auto Buy Roaming is a way to avoid casual roaming rates for eligible countries. Once you turn it on you don't need to do anything on arrival. You can start enjoying your travels knowing that your Roaming Pack will activate when you get to your destination. If you run out of your pack allocation we'll automatically apply a new pack so you'll always stay connected.

You can turn on Auto Buy Roaming via the Spark app or MySpark online. Select the MySpark link that follows to go straight to the Mobile settings page where you can turn on Auto Buy Roaming.

Sign in to MySpark. Please login and use MySpark via a browser instead. This warning will be removed when the problem is fixed no date yet. If you have Auto Buy Roaming enabled you'll get a notification that Auto Buy Roaming is activated and you're connected upon arrival. Selected Roaming Packs will be automatically bought and activated when you run out of your pack allocation, or when it expires.

To check your usage and manage your options go into the Spark app. If you don't do this immediately, you'll be responsible for all roaming charges incurred on the device until it's blocked.

If you've stored passwords on your mobile or tablet you should immediately change these. Make sure the numbers in your contacts list are in the international format so you can make calls and send texts without any issues. This lets you make calls, while roaming, without dialling the international access code.

For example:. Australia, American Samoa, Cook Islands incl. Rarotonga , Fiji, Papua New Guinea, Nauru, Samoa, Tonga, Vanuatu. Austria, Belgium, France, Germany, Greece, Italy including San Marino and Vatican City , Netherlands, Portugal, Republic of Ireland, Spain, Switzerland and UK England, Scotland, Wales, Northern Ireland, Channel Islands i.

Jersey and Guernsey etc. and Isle of Man. China, Hong Kong, Indonesia, India, Japan, Macau, Malaysia, Philippines, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, South Korea, Taiwan, Thailand, UAE, Vietnam. If you visit a destination that's not available for roaming packs, you'll pay casual rates. Use the destination selector at the top of the main roaming page to find the specific prices.

This Roaming Policy describes roaming service specific terms and applies in conjunction with our Global Roaming Terms and Conditions. If there are differences between the general and specific pack terms, the specific pack terms take precedence. Once a roaming pack inclusion has been consumed or the pack has expired customers will revert to casual as shown below , unless they sign up for an additional roaming pack.

This Roaming Policy describes roaming service specific terms. Spark Mobile Postpaid Agreement or the Spark Mobile Prepaid Agreement whichever is relevant to you also applies to your use of the roaming service. At sea roaming is not available on Prepaid.

Connectivity may be restricted at any time by crew members. Availability of roaming services is dependent on carrier. Destinations will not have 5G coverage available everywhere, and coverage is fully dependant on the carrier partner, not Spark NZ.

Roamers will require a 5G capable device. Note: Data is likely to be consumed faster while using 5G. If you're concerned about this, we suggest disabling 5G data roaming in your phone's settings. Personal Small Business Medium and Enterprise Business Spark 5G Other websites Spark New Zealand Spark Foundation Spark Lab. Cart MySpark account Spark ID settings Sign out.

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Mobile plans Team Up 5G Mobile Voicemail App Standard rates NZ Travel Packs More About your Endless Data Only plan Roaming. Sign out. Back Roaming. Spark Roaming Overseas Our Roaming Packs help you get connected to 45 destinations around the world. Spark Roaming Overseas.

Issues fixed in In Oracle DB monitor, there were issues in collecting data for Lock Statistics, Objects Approaching MAX Extents, Schedule Job Details, Schedule Job Stats due to socket read timeout error during query execution. Broken since In APM Insight, there were issues in performing cleanup of data tables for users with MS SQL backend database versions below There was an issue with creating SQL job action when the job name contained more than characters. The following example shows two cipher names separated by a colon:. Include slow administrative statements in the statements written to the slow query log.

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