It is important to let your student know that you are their ally. Would you be okay with me taking them aside and reminding them about your pronouns? Your actions will be greatly appreciated. That means the pronouns that you use in reference to yourself. It is important to remember that by asking everyone you encounter which pronouns they use, you can help create a more normalized and safe way for others to share their pronouns, which they may not have been able to do before.

However, some closeted people may not be ready to publicly share their pronouns, so if someone does not supply them in front of a group, try asking in a more private setting. When someone is referred to with the wrong pronoun, it can make them feel disrespected, invalidated, dismissed, alienated, or dysphoric often all of the above. It is a privilege to not have to worry about which pronoun someone is going to use for you based on how they perceive your gender.

There are also lots of other pronouns in use, some of them more gender neutral. Here are a few you might hear:. Some people also use more than one set of pronouns. When someone uses multiple sets of pronouns, it could mean that they are okay with either one being used, or that they accept both, but have a preference towards the one that is listed first. If you have any questions, respectfully ask the person!

A person of any gender can use multiple sets of pronouns. specifically refer to the person you are referring to. Not only transgender or nonbinary communities use pronouns, as it is something we all use and have since we were little.

Note: the top line is meant to indicate two separate — but similarly spelled — sets of pronouns. Pronouns Practice App Minus A gender neutral or gender inclusive pronoun is a pronoun which does not associate a gender with the individual who is being discussed.

Some languages, such as English, do not have a gender neutral or third gender pronoun available, and this has been criticized, since in many instances, writers, speakers, etc. People who are limited by languages which do not include gender neutral pronouns have attempted to create them, in the interest of greater equality. The cryptographic strength of this kind of protection depends strongly on the Microsoft Excel version that was used to create the document. In Microsoft Excel 95 and earlier versions, the password to open is converted to a bit key that can be instantly cracked.

As regards services that use rainbow tables e. Password-Find , it takes up to several seconds to remove protection. In addition, password-cracking programs can brute-force attack passwords at a rate of hundreds of thousands of passwords a second, which not only lets them decrypt a document but also find the original password. Due to the CSP, an Excel file can't be decrypted, and thus the password to open can't be removed, though the brute-force attack speed remains quite high.

Therefore, users who do not change the default settings lack reliable protection of their documents. The situation changed fundamentally in Excel , where the modern AES algorithm with a key of bits started being used for decryption, and a 50,fold use of the hash function SHA1 reduced the speed of brute-force attacks down to hundreds of passwords per second. In Excel , the strength of the protection by the default was increased two times due to the use of a ,fold SHA1 to convert a password to a key.

Excel Mobile is a spreadsheet program that can edit XLSX files. It can edit and format text in cells, calculate formulas, search within the spreadsheet, sort rows and columns, freeze panes, filter the columns, add comments, and create charts.

It can't add columns or rows except at the edge of the document, rearrange columns or rows, delete rows or columns, or add spreadsheet tabs. Excel for the web is a free lightweight version of Microsoft Excel available as part of Office on the web, which also includes web versions of Microsoft Word and Microsoft PowerPoint. Excel for the web can display most of the features available in the desktop versions of Excel, although it may not be able to insert or edit them. Certain data connections are not accessible on Excel for the web, including with charts that may use these external connections.

Excel for the web also cannot display legacy features, such as Excel 4. There are also small differences between how some of the Excel functions work. Microsoft Excel Viewer was a freeware program for Microsoft Windows for viewing and printing spreadsheet documents created by Excel. The first version released by Microsoft was Excel 97 Viewer. Microsoft advises to view and print Excel files for free to use the Excel Mobile application for Windows 10 and for Windows 7 and Windows 8 to upload the file to OneDrive and use Excel for the web with a Microsoft account to open them in a browser.

In addition to issues with spreadsheets in general, other problems specific to Excel include numeric precision, misleading statistics functions, mod function errors, date limitations and more. Despite the use of figure precision, Excel can display many more figures up to thirty upon user request.

But the displayed figures are not those actually used in its computations, and so, for example, the difference of two numbers may differ from the difference of their displayed values. Although such departures are usually beyond the 15th decimal, exceptions do occur, especially for very large or very small numbers.

Serious errors can occur if decisions are made based upon automated comparisons of numbers for example, using the Excel If function , as equality of two numbers can be unpredictable. Although this number has a decimal representation that is an infinite string of ones, Excel displays only the leading 15 figures.

In the second line, the number one is added to the fraction, and again Excel displays only 15 figures. In the third line, one is subtracted from the sum using Excel. Because the sum in the second line has only eleven 1's after the decimal, the difference when 1 is subtracted from this displayed value is three 0's followed by a string of eleven 1's. However, the difference reported by Excel in the third line is three 0's followed by a string of thirteen 1's and two extra erroneous digits.

This is because Excel calculates with about half a digit more than it displays. Excel works with a modified version of the IEEE specification. See the main article for details. Besides accuracy in user computations, the question of accuracy in Excel-provided functions may be raised. Particularly in the arena of statistical functions, Excel has been criticized for sacrificing accuracy for speed of calculation.

As many calculations in Excel are executed using VBA , an additional issue is the accuracy of VBA, which varies with variable type and user-requested precision. The accuracy and convenience of statistical tools in Excel has been criticized, [73] [74] [75] [76] [77] as mishandling missing data, as returning incorrect values due to inept handling of round-off and large numbers, as only selectively updating calculations on a spreadsheet when some cell values are changed, and as having a limited set of statistical tools.

Microsoft has announced some of these issues are addressed in Excel Excel has issues with modulo operations. In the case of excessively large results, Excel will return the error warning NUM! instead of an answer. Excel includes February 29, , incorrectly treating as a leap year , even though e. Thus a not necessarily whole number greater than or equal to 61 interpreted as a date and time are the real number of days after December 30, , , a non-negative number less than 60 is the number of days after December 31, , , and numbers with whole part 60 represent the fictional day.

Excel supports dates with years in the range —, except that December 31, , can be entered as 0 and is displayed as 0-jan Converting a fraction of a day into hours, minutes and days by treating it as a moment on the day January 1, , does not work for a negative fraction.

Entering text that happens to be in a form that is interpreted as a date, the text can be unintentionally changed to a standard date format. A similar problem occurs when a text happens to be in the form of a floating-point notation of a number.

In these cases the original exact text cannot be recovered from the result. Formatting the cell as TEXT before entering ambiguous text prevents Excel from converting to a date. This issue has caused a well known problem in the analysis of DNA , for example in bioinformatics. As first reported in , [85] genetic scientists found that Excel automatically and incorrectly converts certain gene names into dates.

A follow-up study in found many peer reviewed scientific journal papers had been affected and that "Of the selected journals, the proportion of published articles with Excel files containing gene lists that are affected by gene name errors is For example, MARCH1 Membrane Associated Ring-CH-type finger 1 gets converted to the date March 1 1-Mar and SEPT2 Septin 2 is converted into September 2 2-Sep etc.

In August the HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee HGNC published new guidelines in the journal Nature regarding gene naming in order to avoid issues with "symbols that affect data handling and retrieval.

The following functions return incorrect results when passed a string longer than characters: [91]. Microsoft Excel will not open two documents with the same name and instead will display the following error:. The reason is for calculation ambiguity with linked cells. Microsoft originally marketed a spreadsheet program called Multiplan in Microsoft released the first version of Excel for the Macintosh on September 30, , and the first Windows version was 2. This accomplishment solidified Microsoft as a valid competitor and showed its future of developing GUI software.

Microsoft maintained its advantage with regular new releases, every two years or so. Excel 2. Versions prior to 2. The first Windows version was labeled "2" to correspond to the Mac version.

It was announced on October 6, and released on November BYTE in listed Excel for Windows as among the "Distinction" winners of the BYTE Awards. The magazine stated that the port of the "extraordinary" Macintosh version "shines", with a user interface as good as or better than the original. Included toolbars, drawing capabilities, outlining, add-in support, 3D charts, and many more new features. Introduced auto-fill. Also, an easter egg in Excel 4.

With version 5. VBA includes a fully featured integrated development environment IDE. Macro recording can produce VBA code replicating user actions, thus allowing simple automation of regular tasks. The language supports use but not creation of ActiveX COM DLL 's; later versions add support for class modules allowing the use of basic object-oriented programming techniques.

The automation functionality provided by VBA made Excel a target for macro viruses. This caused serious problems until antivirus products began to detect these viruses. Microsoft belatedly took steps to prevent the misuse by adding the ability to disable macros completely, to enable macros when opening a workbook or to trust all macros signed using a trusted certificate. Versions 5. Released in with Microsoft Office for Windows 95 , this is the first major version after Excel 5.

Included in Office 97 for x86 and Alpha. This was a major upgrade that introduced the paper clip office assistant and featured standard VBA used instead of internal Excel Basic. It introduced the now-removed Natural Language labels.

This version of Excel includes a flight simulator as an Easter Egg. Included in Office This was a minor upgrade but introduced an upgrade to the clipboard where it can hold multiple objects at once. The Office Assistant, whose frequent unsolicited appearance in Excel 97 had annoyed many users, became less intrusive.

Included in Office XP. Very minor enhancements. Minor enhancements, the most significant being the new Tables. This release was a major upgrade from the previous version. Similar to other updated Office products, Excel in used the new Ribbon menu system.

This was different from what users were used to, and was met with mixed reactions. One study reported fairly good acceptance by users except highly experienced users and users of word processing applications with a classical WIMP interface , but was less convinced in terms of efficiency and organization. Added functionality included the SmartArt set of editable business diagrams. Also added was an improved management of named variables through the Name Manager , and much-improved flexibility in formatting graphs, which allow x, y coordinate labeling and lines of arbitrary weight.

Several improvements to pivot tables were introduced. Also like other office products, the Office Open XML file formats were introduced, including.

xlsm for a workbook with macros and. xlsx for a workbook without macros. Specifically, many of the size limitations of previous versions were greatly increased. To illustrate, the number of rows was now 1,, 2 20 and columns was 16, 2 14 ; the far-right column is XFD. This changes what is a valid A1 reference versus a named range. Included in Office , this is the next major version after v Minor enhancements and bit support, [] including the following:.

Included in Office , along with a lot of new tools included in this release:. Microsoft no longer releases Office or Excel in discrete versions.

Instead, features are introduced automatically over time using Windows Update. The version number remains Thereafter only the approximate dates when features appear can now be given. Excel offers many user interface tweaks over the earliest electronic spreadsheets; however, the essence remains the same as in the original spreadsheet software, VisiCalc : the program displays cells organized in rows and columns, and each cell may contain data or a formula, with relative or absolute references to other cells.

Excel became the first spreadsheet to allow the user to define the appearance of spreadsheets fonts, character attributes, and cell appearance. It also introduced intelligent cell re-computation, where only cells dependent on the cell being modified are updated previous spreadsheet programs recomputed everything all the time or waited for a specific user command. Excel introduced auto-fill, the ability to drag and expand the selection box to automatically copy a cell or row contents to adjacent cells or rows, adjusting the copies intelligently by automatically incrementing cell references or contents.

Excel also introduced extensive graphing capabilities. Because Excel is widely used, it has been attacked by hackers. While Excel is not directly exposed to the Internet, if an attacker can get a victim to open a file in Excel, and there is an appropriate security bug in Excel, then the attacker can gain control of the victim's computer. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Spreadsheet editor, part of Microsoft Office. For other uses, see Excel disambiguation.

A simple line chart being created in Excel, running on Windows Excel for Mac version Main article: Spreadsheet. See also: Microsoft Power Fx. Main article: Visual Basic for Applications. Main article: Microsoft Office XML formats. Main article: Office Open XML. Main article: Microsoft Office password protection. Further information: Microsoft Office § Office on the web. Main article: Numeric precision in Microsoft Excel. Microsoft Docs. Retrieved April 13, July 17, Archived from the original on November 7, Retrieved June 25, Retrieved January 25, App Store.

Excel For Dummies 1st ed. ISBN Excel Workbook for Dummies 2nd ed. Advanced Excel for scientific data analysis. Oxford University Press. Excel scientific and engineering cookbook. Handbook on Decision Support Systems 1: Basic Themes.

Microsoft Excel 97 Developer's Handbook. Microsoft Press. Excellent examples are developed that show just how applications can be designed. Data, statistics, and decision models with Excel. See, for example, Austerlitz, Howard Data acquisition techniques using PCs 2nd ed.

Academic Press. Microsoft Help and Support. Microsoft Support. May 7, Retrieved December 14, Microsoft Excel accepts a number of optional switches that you can use to control how the program starts. This article lists the switches and provides a description of each switch. Retrieved November 4, Office VBA Reference. March 30, September 13, Retrieved April 23, Press; Teukolsky, Saul A. Numerical recipes: the art of scientific computing 3rd ed.

Cambridge University Press. Numerical recipes: routines and examples in BASIC. Office for Mac. Archived from the original on June 19, Retrieved July 8, Excel Lemon".

Archived from the original on September 21, Retrieved July 29, Compatibility among multiple versions of Excel is also a downfall of this method. A macro recorder in Excel may not work in Excel or older. This is most common when changing colors and formatting of cells. Walkenbach, John Excel VBA Programming for Dummies Revised by Jan Karel Pieterse ed.

cited work. Retrieved December 19, Microsoft Office Support. May 23, Retrieved April 10, February 26, Retrieved November 10, Microsoft Excel Technical Articles. August Microsoft—David Gainer. August 24, Retrieved January 2, org's documentation of the Microsoft Excel File Format" PDF. August 2, xls format ". Microsoft Corporation. Using Excel for Business Analysis: A Guide to Financial Modelling Fundamentals.

Integrating Excel and Access. O'Reilly Media, Inc. Schmalz, Michael Excel as Your Database. Pro Excel VBA. Microsoft Office Business Intelligence: Reporting, Analysis, and Measurement from the Desktop. McGraw-Hill Professional. Berkeley, CA: Apress. External data is accessed through a connection file, such as an Office Data Connection ODC file.

Professional Excel Development 2nd ed. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Addison-Wesley. To create a robust solution, we always have to include some VBA code The Proceedings of ISECON Information System Educator Conference.

Archived from the original PDF on August 21, Retrieved February 5, Microsoft Query is a data retrieval tool i. ODBC browser that can be employed within Excel It allows a user to create and save queries on external relational databases for which an ODBC driver is available.

Retrieved April 24, Archived from the original on March 26, Archived from the original on October 15, Retrieved August 30, The New York Times. Archived from the original on February 8, Retrieved September 13, Archived from the original on October 20, Retrieved September 21, Windows Store.

Retrieved June 26, Archived from the original on 8 February Retrieved 7 February February 17, Archived from the original on April 6, May 22, Retrieved January 3, April 16, Archived from the original on January 20, Archived from the original on January 13, NET 4. June 30, October 12, Archived from the original on January 15, September 17, Archived from the original on October 11, January 14, Archived from the original on September 26, April 24,

Binary is extremely important to the computer world. The majority of computers today store all sorts of information in binary form. This lesson helps to demonstrate how it is possible to take something that we know and translate it into a series of ons and offs. This is a great time to review the last lesson that you went through with your class. We suggest you alternate between asking questions of the whole class and having students talk about their answers in small groups.

Finishing the review by asking about the students' favorite things helps to leave a positive impression of the previous exercise, increasing excitement for the activity that you are about to introduce.

Binary - Say it with me: Bi-nare-ee A way of representing information using only two options. You know your classroom best. As the teacher, decide if students should do this individually or if students should work in pairs or small groups.

You do not need to cover the whole of binary, including counting and converting numbers back and forth from decimal. This lesson is intended to be a fun introduction to how computers store information, not a frustrating lesson in bases. Fill in the squares of the provided bracelet to match the pattern of the squares next to the letter that you selected.

If your class has extra budget for materials, try doing this exercise using thread or pipe cleaners and beads to create the binary bracelets instead of pen and paper.

You can provide any combination of two colors in beads to the students, but black and white tend to be easiest, given the way that the key is done.

After the activity, revisit the message that was on the board and see if your class can decypher it using what they've learned. Use these activities to enhance student learning. They can be used as outside of class activities or other enrichment. UNPLUGGED Binary Bracelets Lesson time: 15 Minutes Basic lesson time includes activity only.

Introductory and Wrap-Up suggestions can be used to delve deeper when time allows. Lesson Overview Binary is extremely important to the computer world. Teaching Summary Getting Started - 15 minutes 1 Review 2 Vocabulary 3 Off and On Activity: Binary Bracelets - 15 minutes 4 Binary Bracelets Wrap-up - 5 minutes 5 Flash Chat - What did we learn? Assessment - 10 minutes 6 Binary Assessments. Lesson Objectives Students will: Encode letters into binary Decode binary back to letters Relate the idea of storing initials on a bracelet to the idea of storing information in a computer.

Teaching Guide Materials, Resources and Prep For the Student Binary Bracelet Worksheet Binary Assessment Pens and Pencils Scissors For the Teacher Lesson Video This Teacher Lesson Guide Binary Bracelet Worksheet Binary Assessment Computer for opening or images of an open computer Optional: Write a short message on the board in binary. Getting Started 15 min 1 Review This is a great time to review the last lesson that you went through with your class. Here are some questions that you can ask in review: What did we do last time?

What do you wish we had had a chance to do? Did you think of any questions after the lesson that you want to ask? What was your favorite part of the last lesson? Lesson Tip Finishing the review by asking about the students' favorite things helps to leave a positive impression of the previous exercise, increasing excitement for the activity that you are about to introduce.

Activity: 20 min 4 Binary Bracelet Worksheet Lesson Tip You know your classroom best. Lesson Tip If your class has extra budget for materials, try doing this exercise using thread or pipe cleaners and beads to create the binary bracelets instead of pen and paper. Wrap-up 5 min 5 Flash Chat: What did we learn? What else do you think is represented as binary inside of a computer?

How else might you represent binary instead of boxes that are filled or not filled? What was your favorite part about that activity? Assessment 15 min 7 Binary Assessment Hand out the assessment worksheet and allow students to complete the activity independently after the instructions have been well explained. This should feel familiar, thanks to the previous activities. Extended Learning Use these activities to enhance student learning.

Binary Images There are several great resources on the web for taking this activity to the next level. If your students are interested in how images or even music can be represented as binary, you can find more details in Thinkersmith's Binary Baubles. Connections and Background Information ISTE Standards formerly NETS 1.

a - Apply existing knowledge to generate new ideas, products, or processes. c - Use models and simulation to explore complex systems and issues.

d - Contribute to project teams to solve problems. b - Plan and manage activities to develop a solution or complete a project. a - Understand and use technology systems. d - Transfer current knowledge to learning of new technologies. CSTA K Computer Science Standards CT. Understand how to arrange information into useful order without using a computer. Demonstrate how a string of bits can be used to represent alphanumeric information.

Demonstrate how 0s and 1s can be used to represent information. Represent data in a variety of ways: text, sounds, pictures, numbers. Use visual representations of problem states, structures, and data. NGSS Science and Engineering Practices KPS Use tools and materials provided to design and build a device that solves a specific problem or a solution to a specific problem. KETS - Ask questions, make observations, and gather information about a situation people want to change to define a simple problem that can be solved through the development of a new or improved object or tool.

Common Core Mathematical Practices 1. Make sense of problems and persevere in solving them. Reason abstractly and quantitatively. Model with mathematics. Attend to precision. Look for and make use of structure.

Look for and express regularity in repeated reasoning. Common Core Language Arts Standards SL. This curriculum is available under a Creative Commons License CC BY-NC-SA 4.

As with the rest of Microsoft Office, so it is for Excel: Future release dates for the Macintosh version are intended to correspond better to those for the Windows version, from onward. In Microsoft Excel 95 and earlier versions, the password to open is converted to a bit key that can be instantly cracked. It has a programming aspect, Visual Basic for Applications , allowing the user to employ a wide variety of numerical methods, for example, for solving differential equations of mathematical physics, [9] [10] and then reporting the results back to the spreadsheet. Part of Microsoft Office McGraw-Hill Professional. Hidden categories: CS1 maint: url-status Webarchive template wayback links Articles with short description Short description matches Wikidata Wikipedia indefinitely semi-protected pages Use mdy dates from April All articles with unsourced statements Articles with unsourced statements from October Articles with unsourced statements from August Commons category link is on Wikidata Official website different in Wikidata and Wikipedia Articles with GND identifiers Articles with NKC identifiers Articles with example code.

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